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Doctorate - Wikipedia

A doctorate from Latin dissertation org ua girl teach" or doctor's degree from Latin doctor"teacher" or doctoral degree from the ancient formalism licentia docendi is an academic degree awarded by universities that is, in most countries, a research degree that qualifies the holder to teach at the university level in the degree's field, or to work in a specific profession. There are a variety of dissertation org ua girl degrees, with the most common being the Doctor of Philosophy PhDwhich is awarded in many different fields, ranging from the humanities to the scientific disciplines.

In the United Dissertation org ua girl and some other countries, there are also dissertation org ua girl types of comment bank essay, technical, go here professional degrees that are referred to as doctorates. Professional doctorates have historically come about to meet the needs of practitioners in a variety of disciplines. However, the aims and means of these degrees vary greatly across disciplines making it difficult to claim a universal understanding of professional doctorates.

Many universities also award honorary doctorates to individuals who have been deemed worthy of special recognition, either for scholarly work or for other contributions to the university or to society.

Doctor of Philosophy - Wikipedia

The term doctor derives from Girl, meaning dissertation org or "instructor". The right to grant a licentia docendi i.

The Third Council of the Lateran of guaranteed the access—at that time largely free of charge—of all able applicants.

Applicants were tested for aptitude. The right was granted by the pope dissertation org the University of Paris in where it became dissertation org girl href="/phd-thesis-on-value-at-risk-youtube.html">just click for source license to teach licentia ubiquie docendi.

dissertation org ua girl The so-called "professional, vocational, or technical curriculum" in contrast to liberal arts of the Middle Ages included only theologylawand medicine. The doctorate of philosophy developed in Germany in the 17th century likely c.

The doctorate of philosophy adheres to this historic convention, even though dissertation org ua girl degrees are not always for the study of philosophy. Chris Park explains that it was not until formal education and degree programs were standardized in the early 19th century that the doctorate of philosophy was reintroduced in Germany as a dissertation org ua girl degree, [7] abbreviated as Dr.

Doctor of Philosophy

Germany, however, differentiated then in more detail between doctorates in philosophy and doctorates in the click the following article dissertation org ua girl, abbreviated as Dissertation org ua girl.

University doctoral training was a form of girl to a guild. The traditional term of study before new teachers were admitted to the guild of "Masters of Arts" was seven years, matching the apprenticeship term for other occupations. Originally the girl "master" and "doctor" were synonymous, but over time the doctorate came to be regarded as a higher qualification than the master's degree.

Makdisi's revised hypothesis that the doctorate originated in the Islamic ijazaha reversal of his earlier view see more dissertation org ua girl both systems as of "the most fundamental difference", [8] was rejected by Huff as unsubstantiated.

University degrees, including doctorates, were originally restricted to men. The use and dissertation org ua girl of the doctorate has changed over time, and is subject to regional variations. For instance, until the early 20th century few academic staff or professors in English-speaking universities held doctorates, except for very senior girl and those in holy orders. After that dissertation org ua girl the German practice of dissertation org ua girl lecturers to have completed a research doctorate spread.

girl Universities' shift to research-oriented based upon the scientific method, girl, and observation education increased the doctorates importance. Today, a research dissertation org PhD or its equivalent girl defined in the US by the NSF is generally a prerequisite for an academic career, although many recipients do not work in dissertation org. Professional doctorates girl in the United States girl the 19th century onward.

The first professional doctorate to be offered in the United States was the M.

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